简析低温地板辐射供暖

从低温地板辐射供暖机理出发,论述了低温地板辐射供暖系统的节能性、舒适性等特点,并对其经济性进行了分析。展望该供暖系统在中国的应用前景,指出低温地板辐射供暖是一种具有发展前途和推广价值的供暖方式。本文所述论点实属作者的见解,欢迎同行共同探讨。     

Segregation and intermixing in polydisperse liquid–solid fluidized beds: A multifluid model validation study

Multifluid model (MFM) simulations have been carried out on liquid–solid fluidized beds (LSFB) consisting of binary and higher-order polydisperse particle mixtures. The role of particle–particle interactions was found to be as crucial as the drag force under laminar and homogenous LSFB flow regimes. The commonly used particle–particle closure models are designed for turbulent and heterogeneous gas–solid flow regimes and thus exhibit limited to no success when implemented for LSFB operating under laminar and homogenous conditions. A need is perceived to carry out direct numerical simulations of liquid–solid flows and extract data from them to develop rational closure terms to account for the physics of LSFB. Finally, a recommendation flow regime map signifying the performance of the MFM has been proposed. This map will act as a potential guideline to identify whether or not the bed expansion characteristics of a given polydisperse LSFB can be correctly simulated using MFM closures tested.     

Preparation and toughening mechanism of Mo2NiB2-based cermets with SiC whiskers

Mo₂NiB₂ is a kind of cermet with excellent mechanical properties, stable chemical properties, and excellent corrosion resistance and is often used in wear-resistant application fields, such as injection molding machine parts, can making tools and hot copper extruding dies. The brittleness of Mo₂NiB₂-based cermets limits their wide application. Mo₂NiB₂-based cermets were prepared by the vacuum sintering method, the effect of SiC whiskers (SiCw) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of cermets was investigated, and the toughening mechanism of SiCw on cermets was further discussed. The results indicate that with increasing SiCw content, the indentation fracture toughness (K_IC), transverse fracture strength (TRS), and Vickers hardness (HV) of the cermets first increase and then decrease. The HV, TRS, and indentation fracture toughness of Mo₂NiB₂-based cermets with 0.5 wt% SiCw are 1 113 HV, 1 620 MPa, and 27.97 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, which are 16.8%, 22.7%, and 25% higher than those without SiCw. In the sliding friction tests, Mo₂NiB₂-based cermets with 0.5 wt% SiCw have the smallest friction coefficient, low wear rate, and high wear resistance. SEM observation and analysis of the crack path and fracture surface showed that the toughening mechanism is whisker bridging, crack deflection, microcrack toughening, and whisker pull-out. The results indicate that the addition of 0.5 wt% SiCw can effectively improve the mechanical properties of Mo₂NiB₂-based cermets and further expand the application space of Mo₂NiB₂-based cermets.     

Gas marbles: ultra-long-lasting and ultra-robust bubbles formed by particle stabilization

Bubbles and foams are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial processes. Studying their dynamic behaviors is of key importance for foam manufacturing processes in food packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Bare bubbles are inherently fragile and transient; enhancing their robustness and shelf lives is an ongoing challenge. Their rupture can be attributed to liquid evaporation, thin film drainage and the nuclei of environmental dust. Inspired by particle-stabilized interfaces in Pickering emulsions, armored bubbles and liquid marble, bubbles are protected by an enclosed particle-entrapping liquid thin film, and the resultant soft object is termed gas marble. The gas marble exhibits mechanical strength orders of magnitude higher than that of soap bubbles when subjected to overpressure and underpressure, owing to the compact particle monolayer straddling the surface liquid film. By using a water-absorbent glycerol solution, the resulting gas marble can persist for 465 d in normal atmospheric settings. This particle-stabilizing approach not only has practical implications for foam manufacturing processes but also can inspire the new design and fabrication of functional biomaterials and biomedicines.     

建筑设计基础课程改革的研究

在新的历史背景的影响下,传统建筑教育所采用的训练方法和手段面临许多新的挑战。通过对建筑学教学面临问题的分析,提出对现阶段建筑学基础课程教学的教学目的、教学条件、教学内容等方面的改革看法,阐明了在基础教学中注重传统技能训练和创造性思维培养的必要性和重要性。     

亲和力的塑造——沈阳金秋医院新建疗养病房楼

结合沈阳金秋医院新建疗养病房楼单体设计,对现代医疗建筑中亲和力的塑造进行了有意义的探讨,以寻找医疗建筑中失落的人文关怀;试图从功能、空间、形式、光影、细部的角度阐述亲和力塑造的必要性,以期构建当代人性化的建筑空间。     

地震时坝面散粒体跃移距离的估计

本文讨论了当地材料坝在强震作用下的两种损伤形态和斜面上散粒体的起始滑动加速度,证实了颗粒在坝面上跃移时所受的阻力基本上为0-2阻力,说明了估计地震时坝面颗粒总跃移量的方法和步骤。     

城市固体废弃物的动力特性及参数确定

参照杭州天子岭填埋场城市固体废弃物(MSW)主要成分,人工配制固体废弃物试样,利用中型动三轴试验仪研究其在较大应变范围内MSW的动力特性。由于MSW的高压缩性,初始孔隙比不同对试样的动力特性影响不大。建议了归一化动剪切模量和阻尼比与动剪应变依赖关系的取值范围和平均值曲线,并将其与不同塑性指数黏土的动力特性进行对比,可以发现MSW材料剪切模量衰减和阻尼比曲线较好的呈现出中塑性黏土的特征。最后,对城市固体废弃物的动剪切模量Gd和阻尼比D随动剪应变dγ的变化曲线进行了拟合,并给出了拟合公式的参数取值。     

基于氢储能的主动型永磁直驱风电机组建模与并网控制

针对风电并网功率波动性及高渗透弃风现象,采用共直流母线主动型永磁直驱风电机组结构,建立基于氢储能的永磁直驱风电机组模型,并提出变流器与功率管理协调控制策略。永磁同步发电机与电解槽、燃料电池、蓄电池组汇集直流母线,考虑电解槽需电制氢、燃料电池需氢发电等特性,利用变流器协调控制及功率管理策略,实现风电功率波动抑制、降低风电弃风比例、风电绿色并网。通过PMCAD/EMTDC仿真平台,证明了模型及其控制策略的有效性,有利于风电高渗透并网运行。     

使用线性卡尔曼滤波进行WiFi-惯导的融合定位

为提高WiFi室内定位的精度,对线性卡尔曼滤波融合WiFi与惯导定位数据的方法进行了研究.阐述了数据融合所具有的优势,分析了卡尔曼滤波的原理与过程,详细推导了将线性卡尔曼滤波应用于融合定位过程的全部计算公式,其中包括协方差阵估计公式.通过实地实验发现,应用本方法后,定位精度由2.81 m提高到了1.95 m.相对于传统的常用的非线性卡尔曼滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波进行融合定位的方法,本方法具有形式简单,易于实现,计算量小且精度高的优点.